Periodontal (Gum) Disease Therapy

Recognizing the Stages of Gum Disease

Identifying gum disease in its early stages can make a significant difference in treatment outcomes. Here’s what to look out for at each stage:

Gingivitis

This initial stage is characterized by red, swollen, and bleeding gums. Since bone damage has not yet occurred, gingivitis is reversible through diligent oral hygiene and routine dental cleanings.

Mild Periodontitis

Without treatment, gingivitis can advance to mild periodontitis. Gums begin to recede, and periodontal pockets form, allowing plaque, tartar, and bacteria to accumulate. Although irreversible, professional periodontal therapy and improved oral care can manage and control this stage.

Moderate Periodontitis

Bacteria continue to erode the soft tissues, ligaments, and supporting structures. Symptoms include sore and tender gums, and the permanent damage requires professional intervention to prevent further

Severe Periodontitis

The most advanced stage leads to significant gum recession, persistent bad breath, abscesses, loose teeth, and changes in bite. Extensive damage to the bone and soft tissues may cause teeth to become loose or fall out.

Primary Causes of Gum Disease

While inadequate oral hygiene is the most common cause of gum disease, other risk factors contribute to its development:

• Tobacco Use: Smoking and chewing tobacco impede gum tissue healing and increase susceptibility to infection.
• Autoimmune Conditions: Diseases such as diabetes, HIV, and cancer impair the body’s immune response, making it harder to combat gum disease.
• Genetic Predisposition: Family history can elevate the risk of periodontal issues.
• Hormonal Fluctuations: Hormonal changes during pregnancy, puberty, menopause, or while taking birth control can heighten gum sensitivity and susceptibility.
• Chronic Inflammatory Conditions: Systemic inflammation from conditions like arthritis and cardiovascular disease has been linked to an increased risk of gum disease.
• Certain Medications: Medications that reduce saliva flow or cause gum tissue overgrowth can increase gum disease risk.

How Periodontal Therapy Can Help

Periodontal therapy is essential for controlling gum disease and preventing further damage to gums, teeth, and bone structure. Depending on the stage of periodontal disease and the condition of your gums and teeth, different approaches can be tailored to your specific needs.

Scaling and root planing is often the first line of defense; topical or oral antibiotics may be used alongside this treatment to control infection and inflammation. For advanced cases, surgical procedures like flap surgery or bone and tissue grafts may be recommended.